Week of September 4, 2026 · Issue 01

Inland Empire Industrial Watch

Port volumes, market fundamentals, the macro picture, and the regulatory load — read for what it does to industrial tenants and owners across San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Updated every Friday.

This week · Regulatory deep-dive
Rule 2305 · WAIRE

The air-quality rule that quietly adds a third of a dollar per foot to your occupancy cost

South Coast AQMD's warehouse indirect source rule is now in full effect across every size phase, and most tenants still treat it as a compliance chore rather than a rent line. It is a rent line. Here is the arithmetic, and where it lands in a lease negotiation.

Rule 2305 covers warehouses over 100,000 square feet, with the point-earning obligation attaching to operators using at least 50,000 square feet for warehousing activity. Every year the operator counts truck trips, converts them to weighted trips, and owes WAIRE points against that total:

WATTs = (Class 2b–7 trips) + 2.5 × (Class 8 trips)
WPCO  = WATTs × 0.0025 × annual variable

The 2.5 multiplier is the part that bites. A building served by tractor-trailers carries two and a half times the obligation of the same trip count in straight trucks — which describes essentially every big-box distribution tenant in the Inland Empire. Points are earned by acquiring zero- or near-emission trucks, installing chargers or hydrogen fueling, or drawing clean-truck visits. Operators who cannot or will not do any of that pay a mitigation fee of $1,000 per point, plus a 6.25% administrative fee.

One April 2026 update worth knowing: CARB-certified near-zero trucks meeting the 0.02 g/hp-hr standard now qualify on the WAIRE menu, which widens the compliance path for fleets not ready to go fully electric.

Where this shows up in a deal

Rule 2305 obligations follow the operator, not the owner. In a standard NNN lease that means the tenant, but the lease language often predates the rule and says nothing. Settle three points before signing: who holds the reporting obligation, who funds charging infrastructure if the building needs it, and whether mitigation fees are a recoverable operating expense. A tenant who negotiates charger installation into the TI package converts an annual fee into landlord capital.

Worked illustration

300,000 SF distribution building

Assumption, not a survey figure: 60 tractor-trailer trips per operating day, 300 operating days. Substitute your own gate counts.

Class 8 trips per year18,000
Weighted trips (× 2.5)45,000 WATTs
Points owed (× 0.0025)112.5
Mitigation fee at $1,000/pt$112,500
Administrative fee (6.25%)$7,031
Annual in-lieu cost$119,531
Per SF per year$0.40
Per SF per month$0.033
Share of IE West asking rent3.2%

Against the Q2 2026 IE West average of $1.038/SF NNN for 100,000 SF-plus space. Earning points instead of paying the fee is usually cheaper — that is the point of the rule — but the fee sets the ceiling on what compliance is worth.

San Pedro Bay · July
1.89 M TEU
−3.8% YoY
POLA 960,464 + POLB 928,508
Loaded imports · YTD
5.99 M TEU
+2.4% YoY
The demand signal that fills warehouses
IE availability
12.98%
+0.44 pts vs Q2
90.96M SF available of 701.0M SF
IE net absorption · YTD
1.12 M SF
Positive
West +2.16M, East −1.04M
Under construction
8.85 M SF
30 projects
Against 1.16M SF delivered YTD

Container volume, San Pedro Bay

Monthly TEUs, both ports · Jul 2024 – Jul 2026
Monthly combined TEUs July 2026 (latest, preliminary)
Read the July number carefully

Long Beach called it the second-busiest July on record, and it still printed down 1.7% year over year. Volume was pulled forward ahead of the new Section 301 duties that took effect July 24. Expect August and September to give some of it back.

West vs. East

July 2026
MetricIE WestIE East
Base inventory374.9M SF326.1M SF
Availability12.65%13.35%
Vacancy5.25%6.71%
Net absorption YTD+2,157,860−1,041,189
Leasing activity YTD29.9M SF30.1M SF
Transactions355232
Under construction5.29M SF3.56M SF
Avg NNN, 100K+ (Q2)$1.038$0.889
The spread is the story

East is absorbing negative on nearly the same leasing volume as West across 123 fewer deals — bigger boxes, more churn, weaker retention. West holds the pricing power at a 17% rate premium.

Regulatory and tax load on IE industrial tenants

In force · phasing · watch

AB 98 / SB 415 warehouse standards

State · Warehouse Concentration Region
Phasing in
Statewide siting, buffer, loading-bay and truck-route rules for logistics development. Access requirements began Jan 1, 2026; the truck-route deadline slipped to 2030 for smaller jurisdictions, with 2028 for the rest. San Bernardino County jurisdictions have largely adopted routes; Riverside County has made little progress. Enhanced standards near sensitive receptors trigger on zone changes or buildings over 250,000 SF. For tenants: constrains new modern supply near labor and rooftops, and a reconfiguration of an existing building can pull a project into the standards.

South Coast AQMD Rule 2305 (WAIRE)

Regional · Warehouses over 100,000 SF
In force
All three size phases are in annual reporting. Points are earned through zero- and near-emission equipment, chargers, or clean truck visits, or bought out at $1,000 per point plus 6.25% admin. For tenants: a recurring occupancy cost that belongs in the lease. See this week's lead feature above for the arithmetic.

Tariff regime after the IEEPA ruling

Federal · Importers and 3PLs
In force
The Supreme Court struck down the IEEPA tariffs on Feb 20, 2026, leaving $166–179B in duties in refund litigation. The 10% Section 122 stopgap expired July 24 and was replaced the same day by Section 301 forced-labor tariffs on 60 economies — roughly 10% for the EU, Taiwan, Mexico, Canada and India; 12.5% for Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand and Brazil; about 37.5% all-in for China. Section 232 metals stay at 50%. For tenants: landed-cost volatility drives inventory strategy, which drives square footage. Importers sitting on refund claims may have balance-sheet capacity that does not show in current credit.

Cap-and-invest tightening

State · Energy and fuel costs
Effective Sep 1
CARB pulled 118 million allowances from future budgets, roughly an 11% cut to the cap through 2030 and about 7% a year to 2045, alongside a $4B manufacturing decarbonization fund. For tenants: pressure on electricity and diesel costs in a market where cold storage and automated fulfillment are already power-hungry. Worth modeling into any 10-year occupancy pro forma.

Local moratoria and mitigation fees

Municipal · Entitlement risk
Watch
Individual cities continue to pause or restrict new warehouse entitlements, and Moreno Valley is negotiating an air-quality abatement fee with the Attorney General's Office that would have developers fund upgrades for nearby residents. For tenants: less new competitive supply near term, which supports rents in existing product; for owners, an entitlement path that is longer and costlier to underwrite.

Macro backdrop

Q2 2026 actuals and current bank forecasts
  • GDP grew 1.5% in Q2, below the 1.8% expected and down from 2.1% in Q1. Consumer spending carried it at a 3.2% annual clip; business investment ex-housing rose 8.4% on AI buildout.
  • Inflation is still running hot. Headline PCE +3.7% year over year, core +3.3%, both well above the Fed's target, with energy disruption from the Iran conflict feeding through.
  • Labor is tighter than the growth rate suggests. Private payrolls averaged 88,000 a month in the first half, roughly three times last year's pace; initial claims hit 187,000 in July, the lowest since 1969.
  • Wells Fargo reversed course in August, raising its inflation forecast and now expecting a quarter-point Fed hike before year-end, citing tariffs, elevated oil, and AI data-center power demand.
  • Bank of America has been the softer read, projecting core PCE near 3.1% through Q3 and 2.8% by Q4, easing toward 2.4–2.6% in 2027 — a path that supports cuts rather than hikes.
  • CoStar expects national industrial vacancy to peak this year, with rent growth projections unchanged through 2026.
The disagreement is the actionable part

Two of the largest research shops are pointed in opposite directions on the Fed. For owners weighing a 2027 refinance and tenants weighing renewal against relocation, that spread is worth more than either forecast on its own.

Port volumes in context

Calendar year
PeriodPOLAPOLBCombined
2024 full year10,297,352~9.6M*
2025 full year10,239,3189,881,59720,120,915
2026 YTD (Jan–Jul)6,083,0675,758,08611,841,153
2025 same period5,975,6495,690,86311,666,512
Change+1.8%+1.2%+1.5%

*Long Beach's 2024 was a then-record 9.6M TEUs, up 20.3% on 2023. 2025 broke that record again.

Why it matters here

Loaded imports, not total TEUs, are what convert into pallet positions in Fontana and Perris. Empties are roughly 37% of the combined count, and repositioning them tells you nothing about occupancy demand.

Coming weeks

Regulatory deep-dive

One rule at a time, costed out. This week: Rule 2305 and WAIRE.

Submarket spotlight

One city or corridor: available product, recent deals, rate direction, entitlement climate.

Lease economics

Renewal against relocation, TI and free rent, what concessions are actually clearing.

Trade & supply chain

Tariffs, port volumes, inventory strategy, and what they mean for square footage.